Malaria is a parasitosis transmitted to humans by a protozoan belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Its management involves early diagnosis and prompt treatment with effective antimalarials. However, in Côte d'Ivoire as in other countries, the management of the disease faces resistance to most antimalarials. Antimalarial drug resistance surveillance and malaria diagnosis require blood collection. Blood collection, with its requirement for qualified personnel and biological risk associated with the use of needles, can lead to poor compliance when a repeat bioassay is required. To cover the need for diagnosis or antimalarial drug resistance surveillance, a non-invasive sampling method that can substitute blood collection is necessary.This thesis evaluated the performance of saliva and urine for detection of antimalarial drug resistance molecular markers by polymorphism study approach of these markers. Saliva and urine performance for antimalarial drug resistance molecular markers detection was evaluated by comparing genomic DNA amplification yield for Plasmodium falciparum extracted from urine, saliva and blood and pfcrt, pfdhfr and pfK13 propeller genes detectability in these biological products. The analysis identified saliva as the best alternative to blood for antimalarial drug resistance molecular markers studies.Antimalarial drug resistance molecular markers polymorphism study showed that the prevalence of genotypes conferring resistance to pyrimethamine (P), chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin derivatives in 2015 reached comparable levels in the isolates from the three biological products (blood, urine and saliva). Prevalence of alleles associated with chloroquine chemoresistance represented by pfcrt gene Thr-76 decreased while that of the alleles associated with pyrimethamine chemoresistance represented by dhfr-ts gene mutation Asn-108 increased in Anonkoua-Kouté, Port-Bouet and Ayamé. No mutations of K13 propeller gene conferring resistance to artemisinin derivatives were observed as well in the three biological products (saliva, urine and blood) as on all study sites. The study showed that artemisinin-based combination therapies used for the first-line treatment of malaria in Côte d'Ivoire are still effective.